An investment in the Common Shares is speculative and subject to risks and uncertainties. The occurrence of any one or more of these risks or uncertainties could have a material adverse effect on the value of any investment in the Company and the business, prospects, financial position, financial condition or operating results of the Company. The risks noted below do not necessarily comprise all those faced by the Company. A prospective investor should carefully consider these risk factors, together with all of the other information included in this prospectus, including, without limitation, the historical financial statements and accompanying notes included in this prospectus and the information contained in the section entitled “Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Information”, before a decision to purchase Common Shares is made.
Exploration Stage Operations
Operations at the Company’s LIK property are subject to all of the risks normally incidental to the exploration for and the development of mineral properties. Mineral exploration and exploitation involves a high degree of risk, which even a combination of experience, knowledge and careful evaluation may not be able to avoid. Few properties that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. Unusual or unexpected formations, formation pressures, fires, power outages, labour disruptions, flooding, explosions, tailings impoundment failures, cave-ins, landslides and the inability to obtain adequate machinery, equipment or labour are some of the risks involved in mineral exploration and exploitation activities. The Company has relied on and may continue to rely on consultants and others for mineral exploration and exploitation expertise. Substantial expenditures are required to establish mineral reserves and resources through drilling, to develop metallurgical processes to extract the metal from the material processed and to develop the mining and processing facilities and infrastructure at any site chosen for mining. There can be no assurance that commercial quantities of ore will be discovered. There is also no assurance that even if commercial quantities of ore are discovered, that a property will be brought into commercial production or that the funds required to exploit mineral reserves and resources discovered by the Company will be obtained on a timely basis or at all. The commercial viability of a mineral deposit once discovered is also dependent on a number of factors, some of which are the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure, as well as metal prices. The above factors are beyond the control of the Company. There can be no assurance that the Company’s mineral exploration activities will be successful. In the event that such commercial viability is never attained, the Company may seek to transfer its property interests or otherwise realize value or may even be required to abandon its business and fail as a “going concern”.
Exploration and Operation Risks
In common with other enterprises undertaking business in the mining sector, the Company’s mineral exploration and project development activities are subject to conditions beyond the Company’s control. The success of the Company will be dependent on many factors including: the discovery and/or acquisition of mineral reserves and mineral resources; the favourable conclusions to feasibility and other mining studies; access to adequate capital for project development and sustaining capital; design and construction of efficient mining and processing facilities within capital expenditure budgets; the securing and maintaining of title to tenements; obtaining permits, consents and approvals necessary for the conduct of exploration and potential mining operations; complying with the terms and conditions of all permits, consents and approvals during the course of exploration and mining activities; access to competent operational management and prudent financial administration, including the availability and reliability of appropriately qualified employees, contractors and consultants; the ability to procure major equipment items and key consumables in a timely and cost-effective manner; the ability to access full power supply; and the ability to access road and port networks for shipment of lead concentrate.
There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to complete development of its mineral project at all or on time or on budget due to, among other things, and in addition to those factors described above, changes in the economics of the mineral projects, the delivery and installation of plant and equipment and cost overruns, or that the current personnel, systems, procedures and controls will be adequate to support the Company’s operations. Should any of these events occur, it would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Mineral Resources are Imprecise Estimates
The mineral resources figures presented herein are historical and were made by previous permit holders’ personnel and independent geologists. These estimates date back to 1985, are imprecise and depend upon geological interpretation and statistical inferences drawn from drilling and sampling analysis, which may prove to be unreliable. In addition, the author of the Technical Report was not able to verify the accuracy of the sampling method or the security of the samples on the basis of which the historical resources estimates are based. There can be no assurance that these estimates are accurate, or that this mineralization could be mined or processed profitably. If the Company encounters mineralization or formations different from those predicted by past drilling, sampling and similar examinations, mineral resource estimates may have to be adjusted in a way that might adversely affect the Company’s operations. The inclusion of mineral resource estimates should not be regarded as a representation that these amounts can be economically exploited and no assurances can be given that such resource estimates will be converted into reserves.
Significant drilling work will have to be conducted in order to convert the historical resource estimates set out herein into NI 43-101 mineral resources estimates. Any zinc, lead and silver exploration program entails risks relating to the location of ore bodies that are economically viable to mine, the development of appropriate metallurgical processes, the receipt of necessary governmental permits, licenses and consents and the construction of mining and processing facilities at any site chosen for mining. No assurance can be given that any exploration program will result in the discovery of new reserves or resources or that the expansion of existing resources will be successful.
Additional Funding and Dilution
If the Company’s exploration programs are successful, additional funds will be required in order to complete the development of its properties. The only sources of future funds presently available to the Company are the sale of additional equity capital or the entering into of joint venture arrangements or other strategic alliances in which the funding sources could become entitled to an interest in the properties or the projects. The Company’s capital resources are largely determined by the strength of the junior resource market and by the status of the Company’s projects in relation to these markets, and its ability to compete for investor support of its projects.
Issuances of additional securities, including pursuant to the exercise of the Broker Warrants, will result in a dilution of the equity interests of any person who may become a holder of Common Shares as a result of or subsequent to the Offering.
In order to exercise the option pursuant to the LIK Block Agreement, the Company must spend the Required Expenditure Amount prior to 2018. The Required Expenditure Amount is currently estimated to be approximately US$40,000,000. Accordingly, the exact amount the Company is required to spend is uncertain and the longer the duration of time over which such expenditures are made, the greater the potential variability in this spending obligation. See “Business of the Company - LIK Block Agreement with Teck American”.
There is no assurance that the Company will be successful in raising sufficient funds to meet its obligations or to complete all of the currently proposed exploration programs. If the Company does not raise the necessary capital to meet its obligations under current contractual obligations, the Company may have to forfeit its interest in properties or prospects earned or assumed under such contracts. In addition, if the Company does not raise the funds to complete the currently proposed exploration programs, the viability of the Company could be jeopardized.
Permits and Government Regulation
Although the Company believes it has all of the necessary permits to carry out the proposed exploration programs, the operations of the Company may require licenses and permits from time to time from various governmental authorities to carry out exploration and development at its projects. Obtaining permits can be a complex, time-consuming process. There can be no assurance that the Company or its joint venture partner will be able to obtain the necessary licences and permits on acceptable terms, in a timely manner or at all. The costs and delays associated with obtaining permits and complying with these permits and applicable laws and regulations could stop or materially delay or restrict the Company or its joint venture partner from continuing or proceeding with existing or future operations or projects. Any failure to comply with permits and applicable laws and regulations, even if inadvertent, could result in the interruption or closure of operations or material fines, penalties or other liabilities. In addition, the requirements applicable to sustain existing permits and licenses may change or become more stringent over time and there is no assurance that the Company or its joint venture partner will have the resources or expertise to meet its obligations under such licenses and permits.
The mineral exploration activities of the Company are subject to various laws governing prospecting, development, production, taxes, labour standards, occupational health, mine safety, waste disposal, toxic substances and other matters. Mining and exploration activities are also subject to various laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, historical and archaeological sites and endangered and protected species of plants and animals. Although the exploration activities of the Company are currently carried out in material compliance with all applicable rules and regulations, no assurance can be given that new rules and regulations will not be enacted or that existing rules and regulations will not be applied in a manner which could limit or curtail exploration or development. New rules and regulations may be enacted or existing rules and regulations may be applied to the operations and activities of the Company and could have a substantial adverse impact on the Company.
In the United States, Congress has considered a number of proposed amendments to the General Mining Law of 1872. If adopted, such amendments could, among other things, substantially increase the cost of holding unpatented mining claims, impair the ability of companies to develop mineral resources on unpatented mining claims and impose royalties on production from unpatented mining claims. The effects, if any, of any such amendments on the Company and its operations cannot be determined at this time.
Property Interests
The ability of the Company to carry out successful mineral exploration and development activities and mining operations will depend on a number of factors. The Company has to fulfil certain obligations with respect to maintaining title to its LIK property. No guarantee can be given that the Company will be in a position to comply with all such conditions and obligations. Furthermore, while it is common practice that permits and licenses may be renewed or transferred into other forms of licenses appropriate for ongoing operations, no guarantee can be given that a renewal or a transfer will be granted to the Company or, if they are granted, that the Company will be in a position to comply with all conditions that are imposed.
There can be no assurance that the Company’s rights to the LIK property are valid and exist as set out in this prospectus and will not be challenged by third parties claiming an interest in the property. The LIK property may be subject to prior unregistered agreements or transfers and title may be affected by undetected defects or governmental actions.
The Company’s property interest is also subject to the LIK Block Agreement. To maintain its rights under such agreement, the Company is required to expend certain amounts of funds on the property and to maintain the property by paying government claim and other fees. If the Company fails to make these payments or fails to maintain the property in good standing, the Company may lose its right to such property and forfeit any funds expended to such time.
Acquisition of Additional Mineral Properties
There is no assurance that the Company will be able to acquire, or acquire interests in, other mineral properties of merit, whether by way of option or otherwise.
Limited Operating History
The Company was recently incorporated and therefore does not have a track record or operating history upon which investors may rely. The historical financial statements of the Company included in this prospectus are based upon the historical results and are not necessarily indicative of what the consolidated financial position, operating results and cash flows would have been had the Company been a separate, publicly-traded company during those periods with NI 43-101 compliant mineral resources.
Environmental Regulation
The Company’s activities are subject to environmental laws and regulations which may materially adversely affect its future operations. These laws and regulations control the exploration and development of the LIK property and their effects on the environment, including air and water quality, mine reclamation, waste handling and disposal, the protection of different species of plant and animal life, and the preservation of lands. These laws and regulations will require the Company to acquire permits and other authorizations for certain activities. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to acquire such necessary permits or authorizations on a timely basis, if at all.
Further, environmental legislation is evolving in a manner which will require stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors and employees. There is no assurance that future changes in environmental regulation, if any, will not adversely affect the Company’s operations.
The Company is not currently insured against most environmental risks. Without such insurance, and if the Company becomes subject to environmental liabilities, the payment of such liabilities would reduce or eliminate its available funds or could exceed the funds the Company has to pay such liabilities and result in bankruptcy.
Key Management
The success of the Company will be largely dependent upon the performance of its key officers, consultants and employees. Locating mineral deposits depends on a number of factors, not the least of which is the technical skill of the exploration personnel involved. The success of the Company is largely dependent on the performance of its key individuals. Failure to retain key individuals or to attract or retain additional key individuals with necessary skills could have a materially adverse impact upon the Company’s success. The Company has not purchased any “key-man” insurance with respect to any of its directors, officers or key employees and has no current plans to do so.
Conflicts of Interest
Certain directors and officers of the Company are or may become associated with other natural resource companies that may give rise to conflicts of interest. The directors and most of the officers of the Company have either other full-time employment or other business or time restrictions placed on them and accordingly, the Company will not be the only business enterprise of these directors and officers.
Title to Properties
Acquisition of rights to the mineral properties is a very detailed and time-consuming process. Title to, and the area of, mineral properties may be disputed. Although the Company has investigated the title to the LIK property for which it holds concessions or other mineral leases or licenses or in respect of which it has a right to increase its interest, the Company cannot give an assurance that title to such properties will not be challenged or impugned. The Company can never be certain that it or the parties with which it has concluded option agreements will have valid title to relevant mineral properties. Mineral properties sometimes contain claims or transfer histories that examiners cannot verify, and transfers under foreign law are often complex. The Company does not carry title insurance on its properties. A successful claim that the Company or one of the parties with which it has concluded an option agreement does not have title to a property could cause the Company to lose its rights to that property, perhaps without compensation for its prior expenditures relating to the property.
Infrastructure
Development and exploration activities depend on adequate infrastructure, including reliable roads, power sources, water supply and port (including storage) facilities. The Company’s inability to secure adequate water, power resources or appropriate port (including storage) facilities, as well as other events outside of its control, such as unusual weather, sabotage, government or other interference in the maintenance or provision of such infrastructure, could adversely affect the Company’s operations and financial condition.
There is no assurance that the State of Alaska will permit the Company to construct a 13 mile road from the Red Dog road to the LIK property or that port (including storage) facilities will be obtained. Although the Company believes all necessary permits can be obtained under applicable laws, should the Company be prevented from constructing the 13 mile road then the ability to ship ore from the LIK property on an economic basis will not be possible.
Foreign Political Risk
The LIK property is located in the United States and, as such, a substantial portion of the Company’s business is exposed to various degrees of political, economic and other risks and uncertainties. The Company’s operations and investments may be affected by local political and economic developments, including expropriation, nationalization, invalidation of governmental orders, permits or agreements pertaining to property rights, political unrest, labour disputes, limitations on repatriation of earnings, limitations on foreign ownership, inability to obtain or delays in obtaining necessary mining permits, opposition to mining from local, environmental or other non-governmental organizations, government participation, royalties, duties, rates of exchange, high rates of inflation, price controls, exchange controls, currency fluctuations, taxation and changes in laws, regulations or policies as well as by laws and policies of Canada affecting foreign trade, investment and taxation.
Uninsurable Risks
In the course of exploration, development and production of mineral properties, certain risks, and in particular, unexpected or unusual geological operating conditions, including rock bursts, cave-ins, fires, flooding, earthquakes and other environmental occurrences may occur. It is not always possible to fully insure against such risks and the Company may decide not to take out insurance against such risks as a result of high premiums or other reasons. Should such liabilities arise, they could reduce or eliminate any future profitability and result in increasing costs and a decline in the value of the securities of the Company.
The Company has implemented comprehensive safety and environmental measures designed to comply with or exceed government regulations and ensure safe, reliable and efficient operations in all phases of its operations. The Company maintains liability and property insurance, where reasonably available, in such amounts it considers prudent. The Company may become subject to liability for hazards against which it cannot insure or which it may elect not to insure against because of high premium costs or other reasons.
Commodity Prices
The profitability of the Company’s operations will be dependent upon the market price of mineral commodities. Mineral prices fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond the control of the Company. The level of interest rates, rate of inflation, world supply of mineral commodities, consumption patterns, sales of zinc, lead and silver, forward sales by producers, production, industrial and consumer demand, speculative activities and stability of exchange rates can all cause significant fluctuations in prices. Such external economic factors are in turn influenced by changes in international investment patterns, monetary systems and political developments. The prices of mineral commodities have fluctuated widely in recent years. Current and future price declines could cause commercial production to be impracticable. The prices of commodities are affected by numerous factors beyond the Company’s control.
Competition
The mining industry is intensely competitive in all of its phases, and the Company competes with many companies possessing greater financial resources and technical facilities than itself with respect to the discovery and acquisition of interests in mineral properties, the recruitment and retention of qualified employees and other persons to carry out its mineral exploration activities. Competition in the mining industry could adversely affect the Company’s prospects for mineral exploration in the future.
Recent increases in commodity prices have encouraged increases in exploration, development and construction activities, which have resulted in increased demand for, and cost of, exploration, development and construction services and equipment (including mining fleet equipment). Increased demand for services and equipment could cause project costs to increase materially, resulting in delays if services or equipment cannot be obtained in a timely manner due to inadequate availability, and could increase potential scheduling difficulties and costs due to the need to coordinate the availability of services or equipment, any of which could materially increase project exploration, development or construction costs or result in project delays or both. Any such material increase in costs would adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.
Discretion in the Use of Net Proceeds
The Company intends to use the net proceeds from this Offering as set forth under the heading “Use of Proceeds”. The Company maintains broad discretion to spend the proceeds in ways that it deems most efficient. The application of the proceeds to various items may not necessarily enhance the value of the Common Shares. The failure to apply the net proceeds as set forth in this prospectus and other financings could adversely affect the Company’s business and consequently, could adversely affect the price of the Common Shares on the open market.
Expected Continued Operating Losses
The Company has no operating history and there can be no assurance that the Company will ever be profitable. The Company has experienced losses from operations for each of the year ended December 31, 2006 and the six months ended June 30, 2007. The Company expects to incur losses, and possibly incur increased losses, in the foreseeable future. There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to reverse the operating losses or that the Company will ever be consistently profitable.
No History of Dividends
The Company has never paid a dividend on its Common Shares and does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of the board of directors and will depend upon the capital requirements of the Company, results of operations and such other factors as the board of directors considers relevant. Accordingly, it is likely that investors will not receive any return on their investment in the Common Shares other than possible capital gains.
Litigation Risk
All industries, including the mining industry, are subject to legal claims, with and without merit. Defence and settlement costs of legal claims can be substantial, even with respect to claims that have no merit. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the litigation process, the resolution of any particular legal proceeding to which the Company may become subject could have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or the Company’s mining and project development operations.
Foreign Currency Risk
A substantial portion of the Company’s expenses are now, and are expected to continue to be, incurred in United States dollars. The Company’s business will be subject to risks typical of an international business including, but not limited to, differing tax structures, regulations and restrictions and general foreign exchange rate volatility. The Company’s financial results are reported in U.S. dollars. Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Canadian dollar may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations and could result in losses from currency exchange rate fluctuations. The Company does not actively hedge against foreign currency fluctuations.
Lack of Trading History of the Common Shares
The Common Shares have no history of trading. There can be no assurance that an active and liquid trading market will develop for the Common Shares on any securities exchange upon which the Common Shares may be listed, the failure of which may have a material and adverse impact on the value of the Common Shares, and on the ability of a purchaser to dispose of the Common Shares in a timely manner, or at all.
In addition, securities markets have experienced a high level of price and volume volatility, and the market prices of securities of many companies have experienced wide fluctuations which have not necessarily been related to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such companies. There can be no assurance that such fluctuations will not affect the price of the Company’s securities after the Offering, and the market price of the Common Shares may decline below the Offering Price. As a result of this volatility, investors may not be able to sell their Common Shares at or above the Offering Price. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, shareholders have often instituted class action securities litigation against those companies. Such litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial cost and diversion of management attention and resources, which could significantly harm our profitability and reputation.